Biology

Which part of an animal cell controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material?

• ACytoplasm
• BCell membrane
• CNucleus✓
• DMitochondria

Answer: The nucleus contains the chromosomes (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.

Which structure is found in a plant cell but NOT in an animal cell?

• ARibosome
• BCell wall✓
• CMitochondria
• DCell membrane

Answer: Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole; animal cells do not.

What is the role of red blood cells?

• AFighting infection
• BCarrying oxygen✓
• CClotting blood
• DProducing antibodies

Answer: Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which binds oxygen and transports it around the body.

Which process do plants use to make glucose using light energy?

• ARespiration
• BTranspiration
• CPhotosynthesis✓
• DDigestion

Answer: Photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen, using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll.

Aerobic respiration releases energy using which gas?

• ACarbon dioxide
• BNitrogen
• CHydrogen
• DOxygen✓

Answer: Aerobic respiration uses oxygen: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water, releasing energy.

Which enzyme breaks down starch into sugars?

• AProtease
• BAmylase✓
• CLipase
• DCatalase

Answer: Amylase (a carbohydrase) digests starch into smaller sugars such as maltose.

What is the name of the random change in DNA that can lead to variation?

• AMitosis
• BMutation✓
• CMeiosis
• DDiffusion

Answer: A mutation is a random change in the DNA base sequence and is a source of genetic variation.

In a food chain, what do the arrows represent?

• AThe movement of animals
• BThe direction of energy transfer✓
• CThe flow of water
• DPredator chasing prey

Answer: Arrows in a food chain show the direction in which energy (and biomass) is transferred.

Which hormone reduces blood glucose concentration?

• AAdrenaline
• BGlucagon
• CInsulin✓
• DTestosterone

Answer: Insulin, released by the pancreas, causes cells to take up glucose, lowering blood glucose.

Which type of cell division produces gametes (sex cells)?

• AMitosis
• BMeiosis✓
• CBinary fission
• DBudding

Answer: Meiosis produces four genetically different gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes.

Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by which type of pathogen?

• AViruses
• BBacteria✓
• CFungi only
• DAll pathogens

Answer: Antibiotics kill bacteria; they do not work against viruses.

Which part of a plant absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil?

• AStomata
• BRoot hair cells✓
• CXylem leaves
• DPhloem

Answer: Root hair cells have a large surface area to absorb water (by osmosis) and mineral ions.