First Aid

What is the primary aim of first aid?

• ATo cure injuries
• BTo preserve life, prevent deterioration, and promote recovery until professional help arrives✓
• CTo replace medical treatment
• DTo avoid calling emergency services

Answer: First aid aims to: preserve life (especially by maintaining breathing and circulation), prevent worsening of condition, and promote recovery until emergency medical help arrives.

What should you do if someone is unresponsive and not breathing?

• ALeave them alone
• BBegin CPR - 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths, continue until help arrives✓
• CWait for help
• DPut them in recovery position

Answer: CPR protocol: check responsiveness and breathing; if absent, begin CPR with 30 chest compressions (center of chest, 2 inches deep) followed by 2 rescue breaths, repeating.

What is the recovery position?

• AStanding up straight
• BOn side, head tilted back, airway open - preserves breathing in unconscious persons✓
• COn the back
• DSitting position

Answer: Recovery position: place unconscious breathing person on their side, tilt head back (airway open), bend top leg for stability. This keeps airway clear and prevents choking.

What should be done for severe bleeding?

• AJust let it bleed
• BApply direct pressure with clean material, elevate limb, apply tourniquet if necessary✓
• CApply cold water
• DJust bandage it loosely

Answer: For severe bleeding: apply direct pressure with clean/sterile material for at least 10 minutes, elevate the limb above heart level if possible, apply a tourniquet above the wound if bleeding doesn't stop.

How should a burn be treated?

• AApply butter or oil
• BCool with running water for 10-20 minutes, cover loosely, seek medical help✓
• CPop any blisters
• DApply ice directly

Answer: Burn treatment: cool immediately with cool running water for 10-20 minutes (reduces damage), cover loosely with clean cloth, remove restrictive jewelry/clothing, seek medical help.

What is 'shock' as a medical condition?

• AEmotional shock only
• BLife-threatening condition where organs don't get enough blood/oxygen✓
• CJust feeling scared
• DNot serious

Answer: Medical shock occurs when the body's circulation fails to deliver adequate oxygen. Signs include: pale, cold, clammy skin, fast pulse, nausea. Lay person flat with legs elevated.

What should be done if someone is choking?

• ALet them cough it out
• BEncourage coughing; if severe, deliver back blows and abdominal thrusts until object dislodges✓
• CHit them on the back
• DNothing, they'll swallow it

Answer: Choking treatment: encourage coughing if able to cough/speak; if unable, deliver 5 back blows between shoulder blades, then 5 abdominal thrusts; repeat until object clears.

What is an 'open fracture'?

• AA break that heals easily
• BA broken bone with an open wound where bone may pierce the skin✓
• CJust a bruise
• DNot serious

Answer: An open (compound) fracture has a break in the skin, exposing bone. Risk includes infection and severe bleeding. Requires immediate medical attention and sterile dressing.

How should an electrical shock victim be treated?

• APull them away with bare hands
• BSwitch off supply, check responsiveness, provide CPR if needed, call emergency services✓
• CLeave them alone
• DGive them water

Answer: Electrical shock first aid: safely isolate from electrical source (switch off, use non-conducting material), check consciousness/breathing, provide CPR if needed, call 999.

What should be included in a first aid kit?

• AJust plasters
• BPlasters, bandages, sterile pads, antiseptic, gloves, painkillers, eye pads, triangular bandages✓
• COnly aspirin
• DNothing specific

Answer: First aid kit should contain: plasters, gauze pads, sterile dressings, antiseptic wipes, latex gloves, triangular bandages, elastic bandages, painkillers, CPR face shield, and emergency numbers.

What is the purpose of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)?

• ATo detect heartbeat
• BTo deliver electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm in cardiac arrest✓
• CTo prevent all cardiac events
• DOnly for training

Answer: An AED delivers a controlled electrical shock to correct dangerous heart rhythms (ventricular fibrillation). Used with CPR, it significantly improves survival rates.

What should be the response to an eye injury from chemical splash?

• ARub the eye
• BRinse eyes continuously with water for at least 15-20 minutes, seek medical help✓
• CClose the eye
• DApply ointment

Answer: Chemical eye injury: flush immediately with running water for at least 15-20 minutes (wash out chemical), hold eyelids open, continue flushing, seek emergency medical help.