CCTV System Components

Which type of camera is designed to pan, tilt, and zoom to monitor a wide area?

• AA thermal camera with a fixed wide-angle lens
• BPan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) camera✓
• CA bullet camera on a fixed mounting bracket
• DA fixed dome camera set to a preset view

Answer: PTZ cameras can pan left/right, tilt up/down, and zoom in/out, covering larger areas than fixed cameras.

What is the primary advantage of an IP camera compared to an analogue camera?

• ALower resolution
• BWorks without power
• CRequires no cabling at all, since IP cameras use the mobile network
• DHigher resolution and remote access capability over networks✓

Answer: IP cameras transmit digital video over networks, enabling higher resolution, remote access, and more scalable systems.

What does DVR stand for in CCTV systems?

• AData Verification System
• BDigital Video Recorder✓
• CDigital Viewfinder Relay
• DDirect Visual Recording

Answer: DVR (Digital Video Recorder) captures and stores video from analogue cameras to a hard drive or storage device.

What is the main function of an NVR in a CCTV system?

• AProvides power to the cameras only, using a separate injector for each
• BRecords analogue video only, converting it to tape for long-term archiving
• CControls camera movement only, sending pan and tilt commands to PTZ units
• DRecords digital IP video and stores it for playback and evidence✓

Answer: An NVR (Network Video Recorder) captures, stores, and manages digital video from IP cameras.

Which type of camera housing provides protection while concealing the camera direction?

• ABullet camera
• BTurret camera
• CDome camera✓
• DPan-tilt camera

Answer: Dome cameras have a protective dome that makes it difficult to determine which direction the camera is actually pointing.

What is the purpose of Cat 5/Cat 6 cabling in CCTV systems?

• AOnly for electrical power
• BCarries the analogue video signal only, with all data sent over a coaxial run
• CTransmits data and Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) for IP cameras✓
• DUsed for analogue systems only, replacing coaxial video cable runs

Answer: Cat 5/Cat 6 cables carry Ethernet data and can deliver PoE power for IP cameras in modern CCTV systems.

Which camera resolution is generally considered Full HD (High Definition)?

• A480p
• B2K
• C720p
• D1080p (1920x1080)✓

Answer: 1080p (1920x1080 pixels) is the standard Full HD resolution for modern CCTV systems.

What does the field of view (FoV) of a camera determine?

• AHow much area the camera can see (width and height of coverage)✓
• BThe brightness of the image produced in low ambient lighting conditions
• CThe colour of the anti-glare coating applied to the front of the lens
• DThe recording speed, measured as the number of frames stored each second

Answer: Field of View determines the width and height of the area a camera can observe.

Which type of lens provides a wider field of view but at closer distances (wide angle)?

• AWide-angle lens (e.g., 2.8mm)✓
• BA telephoto lens of 25mm or longer
• CA varifocal lens set to its longest setting
• DA standard lens of about 6mm focal length

Answer: Wide-angle lenses (smaller mm values like 2.8mm) provide a broader field of view but limited zoom capability.

What is the purpose of infrared (IR) or thermal cameras in CCTV systems?

• AIncreases the recorded image resolution so faces can be identified at night
• BCompresses video files
• CProvides monitoring in low light or darkness using thermal imaging✓
• DReduces system cost

Answer: Thermal/IR cameras detect heat signatures, enabling monitoring in complete darkness and low-light conditions.

What is a monitor or display unit's primary function in a CCTV system?

• ACompresses the footage before it is written to the hard drive
• BDisplays live or recorded video feed for observation✓
• CControls camera movement using the joystick built into the screen
• DRecords the incoming video stream onto the internal hard drive

Answer: Monitors display live feeds or recorded video from cameras for the operator to observe.

Which CCTV system component is responsible for managing multiple camera feeds and switching between them?

• AThe power supply unit that feeds each camera on the system
• BThe camera itself, which switches its own feed to the monitor
• CThe cabling alone, which routes each feed to the screen in turn
• DMatrix switcher or control system✓

Answer: A matrix switcher or control system allows operators to manage and switch between multiple camera feeds on a monitor.

What is a varifocal lens in CCTV cameras?

• AA very expensive lens component
• BA lens that only works at night
• CA fixed focal length lens
• DA lens with adjustable focal length allowing zoom without mechanical movement✓

Answer: Varifocal lenses allow adjusting the field of view and focus without the camera moving, providing flexibility in coverage.

What is the purpose of a backup power supply (UPS) in a CCTV system?

• AMaintains system operation during power outages✓
• BReduces storage needs by pausing recording during quiet periods
• CIncreases video resolution when the mains supply is stable
• DImproves image brightness

Answer: An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) ensures CCTV systems continue recording during power failures.

Which component converts analogue video signals to digital format?

• AThe cabling between the camera and the recorder
• BThe monitor used in the control room
• CThe lens assembly inside the camera
• DVideo encoder or capture card✓

Answer: An encoder or capture card converts analogue video from cameras to digital format for storage and network transmission.

What is the significance of megapixel (MP) rating in modern CCTV cameras?

• AIndicates zoom capability
• BIndicates colour accuracy only
• CIndicates total pixel count (higher MP = potentially higher detail resolution)✓
• DIndicates brightness

Answer: Megapixel rating indicates the total pixels in the image; higher MP generally allows more detail and larger display areas.

What does IP (Internet Protocol) rating in CCTV cameras indicate?

• AImage quality
• BRecording format
• CZoom capability
• DDust and water resistance level (e.g., IP67 = dust-tight and water-resistant)✓

Answer: IP ratings (e.g., IP67) indicate the degree of protection against dust ingress and water immersion.

Which feature allows CCTV systems to automatically adjust image brightness in changing lighting conditions?

• AThe network settings that assign each camera its address
• BWhite Balance and Auto-iris/Exposure adjustment✓
• CThe panning function, which sweeps the camera across the scene
• DThe zoom function, which opens the lens as it magnifies

Answer: White balance and auto-iris/exposure adjustment maintain image clarity across varying lighting conditions.

What is motion detection in CCTV systems used for?

• ATo zoom the lens
• BTo automatically record and/or alert when movement is detected✓
• CTo move the camera automatically so it follows the strongest light source
• DTo improve image quality

Answer: Motion detection triggers recording or alerts when activity is detected, improving security and storage efficiency.

What is the typical storage capacity concern with CCTV systems, and how is it usually addressed?

• AMonitors are too bright - reduce settings
• BThe cameras create too much light for the sensor, so neutral density filters must be fitted to each one
• CCables are too long - use shorter paths
• DContinuous recording generates large data volumes - use compression and rotating storage✓

Answer: CCTV systems generate large amounts of data; compression codecs (H.264, H.265) and rotating storage (overwriting old footage) manage storage capacity.